初中英语谚语习语的教学策略,本文主要内容关键词为:谚语论文,初中英语论文,教学策略论文,习语论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。
英语谚语习语来源于人们的日常生活,文字简练,形象生动,不仅能丰富教学内容、拓展学生视野、激发学生兴趣、提高文化鉴赏力,而且在英语词汇、语法、写作教学中具有不容忽视的作用[1]。教学中我们可以采用以下几种策略实施谚语、习语的教学。
一、分散渗透策略
教师可以结合教材和教学内容,在课堂教学中渗透一些谚语、习语,这也是谚语习语教学的主要途径和方法。在激发学生兴趣的同时扩大了学生的语言储备,为提高学生的阅读理解和书面表达能力打下基础。
1.Daily talk
我在初三教学中,尝试利用每课开始时的Daily talk引导学生进行谚语习语学习。学生按照学号每天由一名学生讲解一个有关谚语习语的故事。学生利用课外书籍、上网搜索,找出了很多有趣的谚语习语故事。例如,Look out./No news is good news.(没有消息就是好消息)/Never count the chicken before they are hatched.(不要过早计划)/A piece of cake(小事一桩,小菜一碟)等等。让我意外的是,学生竟然找到不同版本的“Look out!”的故事:一个日本学生在英国因为听到“Look out”,把头伸出窗外,结果被泼了一桶脏水。一个中国学生住在怀特夫人家楼下。怀特夫人养了几只聪明而漂亮的鹦鹉,每天把鸟笼子挂到阳台上。一天,中国学生听到怀特夫人大喊“Look out!”,立即把头伸出窗外,被掉下来的鸟笼子砸了个正着。学生们对故事很感兴趣,每天这个时候教室里笑声不断。虽然只是短短的几分钟,学生们既扩充了知识,又锻炼了听力和口语,一举两得,何乐而不为?
有时学生搜索的谚语习语故事教师也不一定熟悉。听了学生的“You don't say.”的故事之后,我才知道“You don't say”的真正含义是表示惊讶,译为“真的吗?”A year ago,I paid no attention to English idioms(习语),though my teacher mentioned the importance again and again.But soon,the importance of English idioms was shown in a funny experience.One day,I happened(碰巧)to meet an Englishman on the road with his friend,and soon we began to talk.As I was talking about how I was studying English,the foreigner seemed to be surprised,gently shaking his head,shrugging(耸一耸)his shoulders,saying,"You don't say!" "You don't say!" I was puzzled.I thought,perhaps this was not a right topic.So I'd better change the topic.I said to him,"Well,shall we talk about the Great Wall? By the way,have you ever been there?" "Certainly,everyone will laugh at me if I leave China without seeing it.It is fantastic." He was deep in thought when I began to talk like a tourist guide."The Great Wall is one of the wonders in the world.We are very proud of it" Soon I was interrupted(打断)again by his order "You don't say!" I couldn't help(忍不住)asking,"Why do you ask me not to talk about it?" "Well,I didn't ask you to do so." he answered in surprise.I said,"Didn't you say 'You don't say'."
Hearing this,the Englishman laughed to tears.He began to explain,"You don't say! 'actually means' really? It is an expression of surprise.Perhaps you don't pay attention to English idioms." I knew I hadn't understood him.Since then I have been more careful with idiomatic expression.
2.典型例句,精讲词汇语法
有些谚语习语可以帮助解释、归纳或者巩固语法现象,教师可以先让学生熟读这些谚语习语,再要求学生归纳句中包含的用法。如动名词作主语:It is no use crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收);动名词作宾语:A man becomes learned by asking questions.(不耻下问才能有学问);动名词作主语和表语:Seeing is believing.(百闻不如一见)。又如在比较级和最高级的学习过程中,我在结课时要求学生把下列句子译为汉语。既巩固了语法,又拓宽了学生的知识面。It is easier to go up the hill than to rundown.(下山容易上山难);Doing is better than saying.(与其挂在嘴上,不如落实在行动上);Actions speak louder than words.(事实胜于雄辩);Blood is thicker than water.(血浓于水);East or west,home is best.(金窝银窝不如自家的狗窝)。
二、集中教学策略
(译林)牛津初中英语教材在9B Unit 4 Vocabulary部分集中呈现了一些英语中常用谚语习语。不少教师因为赶进度,只是就教材进行英汉翻译,不利于学生掌握和灵活运用这些谚语习语。我们认为教师应该充分利用教材资源,并适当进行拓展,系统复习操练初中涉及的谚语习语。我曾在这一课时的教学中采用头脑风暴、抢答、猜意思、翻译比赛等活动,调节了课堂气氛,激发了学生的学习热情,取得了很好的教学效果。
1.头脑风暴。说出有关“动物”“颜色”“时间”“忠告”等方面的谚语。
2.抢答。教师说中文学生说英文,或教师说英文学生说中文。
3.Guess what it means.教师呈现一些新的谚语习语,让学生猜意思。
4.语境中运用谚语。呈现一些语言情境,让学生匹配适当的谚语。如:
(1)It was Jack's birthday yesterday.His parents bought him a new bike and his grandfather gave him a new computer.(A lucky dog)
(2)We worked on the maths problem for a longtime,but we couldn't work it out.It only took Tom a few minutes to work it out.To him,the problem means nothing.(A piece of cake)
5.谚语仿写:Who is the most imaginative?(谁最具想象力?)
(1)Like father,like son.(有其父,必有其子。)
(2)It is easier to go up the hill than to run down.(下山容易上山难。)
(3)It is no use crying over the spilt milk.(覆水难收。)
6.Use proverbs to make my article more interesting(在作文中使用谚语,让我的作文更美。)
(1)A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。)
(2)A man is known by his friends.(什么人交什么朋友。)
(3)An apple a day keeps the doctor away.(一天一苹果,不用请医生。)
(4)Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.(早睡早起身体好。)
三、英汉对比策略
很多谚语习语中英文差异较大,笔者认为采取对比教学策略,可加深学生印象,有效提高学习效果。例如,One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.(一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝。)There is no smoke without fire.(无风不起浪)/Let sleeping dog lie.(不要打草惊蛇)。通过英汉对比,既加深了学生印象,也能激发学生学习的兴趣。
例如,9A Unit 2 Colours中,我布置学生课前查找有关颜色的谚语习语,课上进行小组组间的竞赛,一组说出他们小组搜集的谚语习语,其他小组快速说出中文。英语中关于颜色的谚语习语与中文表达完全不同,如be green with envy(红眼病);black sheep(害群之马);Yellow pages(美国商店和家庭里,一般都有一本黄页电话查号簿)。在小组比赛后,把相关的谚语习语列出来,让学生英汉搭配,帮助学生巩固记忆这些谚语习语。
四、激励策略
英语中有很多谚语习语,具有一定的激励性。借助这些谚语,我们可以对学生进行思想教育,教育他们立志、学习、奋斗。例如,鼓励学生努力学习:Practice makes perfect(熟能生巧。)/No pains,no gains.(没有付出就没有收获。)/Art is long,but life is short.(人生有限,学问无穷。);劝勉学生珍惜时间:Time and tide wait for no man.(时光不等人。)/Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.(今日事,今日毕。);激励学生树立志向:Where there is a will,there is a way.(有志者事竟成。);鼓励学生做事要有恒心毅力:All things are difficult before they are easy.(凡事总是由难而易。)/Do nothing by halves.(凡事不可半途而废。)等。教师可以在课前呈现这些谚语,引导学生大声朗读;可以穿插在课的任何一个环节;也可以在黑板报设置专栏,定期更换。长期进行这样的激励教育,对学生的终生发展大有益处。
教学实践证明,将谚语习语与教学融合起来,能调动学生的学习积极性,活跃课堂气氛,丰富学生的语言知识,提高学生的语言鉴赏能力,起到事半功倍的效果。谚语习语为英语教学注入了活力,增加了乐趣,平添了几许诗意和精彩。