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enough在句子中有几种不同的用法,既可做形容词来修饰名词、代词等,又可以做副词修饰形容词和副词,还可以用作名词等,下面我们来一一阐述它的用法。
一、enough做形容词时,它的位置有些特殊,一般是放在被修饰词之前,也可放在被修饰词之后且意义相同,例如:
There is enough food for everyone.也可以说成There is food enough for everyone.
有足够大家吃的食物。
不仅如此,它既可以与不可数名词也可与复数名词连用:
We have done enough work today.
我们今天做了足够多的工作。
There are enough chairs to seat everybody.
有足够的椅子给所有人坐。
但是,enough的位置和用法也是有一定规则的,并不能随心所欲放在任何位置上。概括起来,enough的位置是按照以下几条规则排列的:
1.当enough用来修饰作表语用的名词时,放在被修饰的词之后:
He was not man enough to confess the truth.
他没有足够的勇气去承认事实真相。
I've been fool enough to lend him money.
我借钱给他真是够傻的了。
He was blunderer enough to repeat his mistake.
他是十足的冒失鬼,竟然会重复自己的错误。
需要指出的是,上述由enough修饰的三个名词在词典中虽被列作可数名词,但在这种特殊的搭配中前面无冠词,表示人的特质等相当于形容词的意义,有的语法著作把它们列作“等级名词”。类似的名词还有coward,politician,poet等。
2.当enough表示不多也不少时(即在数目或数量上刚巧符合一定的目标),应放在被修饰词之前;而表示绰绰有余时,则应放在被修饰词之后:
We have enough food for this week.
我们这周的食物够了。
We have food enough for this week.
我们这周的食物绰绰有余。
3.当表示许多且并不需指出目的或用途时,enough一般放在被修饰词之后。
He has brains enough,but he won't use them.
他有足够的智力,可就是不大肯动脑筋。
Don't say that,you have money enough.
不要那样说,你有的是钱。
4.当出现just,hardly,scarcely,barely等表示程度的副词时,enough一般表示达到某个目标所需的最低限度。这时,enough应该放在被修饰词之前、程度副词之后:
just enough water
hardly enough money
scarcely enough work
二、enough用作副词
1.enough作副词,可用来修饰形容词和副词,且通常都是放在被修饰的形容词或副词之后,例如:
warm enough
carefully enough
This book is easy enough for me to read.
这本书很容易,我足可读懂。
You're old enough to know better.
你已到懂事的年龄了。
2.enough作to be的补足语时,可有两种位置,若主语是代词,则可以放在句末;若主语是名词,则不能如此。例如:
That's enough.那就够了。
比较,我们可以说There isn't enough beer,却不能说The beer isn't enough。
3.当enough与形容词和名词连用时,也可以放在不同的位置上,实际词序取决于enough修饰的究竟是形容词还是名词。在这种情况下,词序不一样,意思可能会大相径庭,例如:
I haven't got big enough nails to mend the cupboard.(enough修饰big)
我没有足够大的钉子来修理碗柜。
I haven't got enough big nails to mend the cupboard.(enough修饰nails)
我没有足够多的大钉子来修理碗柜。
三、当enough作名词或者作代词时,意为“足够(的数量或数目)”,例如:
Enough has been said on this subject.
关于这个题目说得已经够多的了。
除此之外,名词enough和介词of的搭配也经常出现,例如:
Have you had enough of this TV programme yet?
这电视节目你看够了吗?
He was enough of a man to tell the truth.
他光明磊落讲了实话。
I have had enough of him.
他那一套我已经受够了。