在高中英语阅读理解中的主题思想题型探究论文_周亚丹

在高中英语阅读理解中的主题思想题型探究论文_周亚丹

周亚丹

摘要:主题思想(the main idea),也称作中心思想,是作者在文章中要表达的核心内容,也是作者自始至终要说明的问题。能否抓住一篇文章的主题思想,体现了读者总结、概括和归纳事物的能力,把握了主题思想是一项最重要的阅读技能。因此,在高中英语阅读理解教学中探究主题思想题型是十分必要的。

关键词:高中英语;阅读理解;主题思想题型

主题思想(the main idea),也称作中心思想,是作者在文章中要表达的核心内容,也是作者自始至终要说明的问题。能否抓住一篇文章的主题思想,体现了读者总结,概括和归纳事物的能力,把握了主题思想是一项最重要的阅读技能。近几年高考试题中主旨题占14.1%左右。

一、这类问题通常要求考生概括阅读材料的中心思想或选择适当的标题

常见的提问主题思想的考题有:

1.Main idea类型

典型提问形式有:(1)the mian (centrel,principal) idea of the passage is.(2)the mian idea of this selection may be best expressed as.(3) the passage deals mainly (primarily) with.选择项形式为陈述句。要求读者选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。

2.main topic 类型

典型提问形式有:(1) the mian theme (topic) of the passage is.(2)What’s the subject (point) of this passage?(3)The best (most appropriate) title of (for) the passage is.(4)What would be the most appropriate title for the passage?

选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的topic(论题)或subject(主题)或title(标题)等。特点:短小精悍、概括性强、反映中心、寓意深刻。

3.Purpdse类型

典型问题形式有:(1)What’s the auther’s main purpose in passage?(2) the main purpose of the passage is.选择形式为动宾结构。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。

二、抓主题思想,首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息

例:choose the most general sentence.

A.The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10a.m.daily.

B.There are many reasons why guests feel at home at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn.

C.The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board.

D.There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn.

析:A,C,D都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况,相互间并没有关联。而B却概括了A,C和D的共性东西,即为什么旅客住在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。因此,B符合题意。倘若在一段文章中包含了以上ABCD几条信息,那么,B就是该段中心思想。由于相同的道理,如果一篇文章中,作者分段叙述几个方面的内容,那么,这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想。

期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆

三、主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容

例:Read the following passage and choose the best central thought.

Sugar history in the Hawaiian Islands is filled with pioneering . In sailing ship days , Hawaiian sugar growers were many months from sources of supplies and from markets . This isolation built up among the Hawaiian growers an enduring spirit of cooperation.Growers shared with one another improvements in production . Without government aid of any sory , they built great irrigation projects. Without government help, they set up their own research and experiment organization . Pioneering together over the years, they have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

A.In sailing days, Hawaiian sugar growers were months away from supplies and markets.

B.Hawaiian sugar growers built their industry without government help.

C.Hawaiian sugar growers have set up their own research organization and have shared improvements.

D.By pioneering together,sugar growers have provided Hawaii with its largest industry.

析:A,B和C项只是文中提到的各项具体内容,作为主题思想面太窄了。只有D项才概括了全文要说明的问题。因此,D项是该文主题思想。

四、要抓主题思想另一种形式是为短文选择合适的标题

短文的标题常常体现它所围绕的主题或讨论的中心。因此,为短文选择标题实际上反映了对主题思想的掌握。

例:Read the following and choose the title that best express the idea of the passage.

There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the Law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to,certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted , the price of them fells. On the other hand , if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply , then the price rises. Of course,manufactures prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.

A 、Economic principles B 、the Law of supply and demand

C、more goods, low prices D、fewer goods,higher prices

析:该问题中,A泛指经济规律,面过宽了;C和D只是供需规则的二个单独的方面,不能包含全部,面太窄了。正确的答案是B,因为这正是该短文自始至终谈论的主题。

五、一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句(topic sentence)表达

主题句常常位于段首或段尾处,间或出现在句子中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要特别注意文章的开头和结尾。

从以上分析可以看出,在确定一篇文章的中心思想时,我们通常用块读的方法,从头至尾将全文浏览一遍,注意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上下文的连贯意思上来理解全文,看看全文谈论的是什么主题(subiect),作者从哪几个方面(aspect)来进行阐述的,有关这个主题我们理解了些什么,这样就可能比较有把握地概括出中心思想了。在此基础上,根据标题的特点,即内涵深刻,选择项短小精悍,概括性强,反映中心者限标题选项,而目的题型是作者为什么写这篇文章。

(作者单位:内蒙古牙克石市第一中学 022150 )

论文作者:周亚丹

论文发表刊物:《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2015年6月上供稿

论文发表时间:2015/7/15

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在高中英语阅读理解中的主题思想题型探究论文_周亚丹
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