主谓一致要点归纳，本文主要内容关键词为：主谓论文,归纳论文,要点论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
英语句子中，要根据主语的人称和数来决定谓语动词的形式变化，这就叫主谓一致。它通常依据三项原则：(1)语法一致；(2)意义一致；(3)就近一致。现分述如下：
一、语法一致原则
I.主语的人称决定谓语动词的形式。
I love/She loves music.
Ⅱ.主语的数决定谓语动词的形式。
1.不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词做主语用单数谓语形式；复数的名词、代词做主语，接复数谓语形式。例如：
The work is important.
They have gone to Chengdu.
2.单个动名词、不定式或主语从句做主语，用单数谓语形式；一个以上动名词、不定式或主语从句做主语，接复数谓语形式。
例如：
Seeing is believing.
Seeing and dancing are two of her hobbies.
3.只有复数的名词，如clothes,trousers,pants,shoes,glasses,scissors,compasses,goods等做主语，用复数谓语形式；但用a pair of等短语修饰trousers,shoes,glasses等词时，用单数形式。
Ⅲ.以and或both…and连接的并列主语。
1.“n.+and+n.”结构通常作复数用，但表示一种事物或概念时，则用作单数。例如：
Plastics and rubber never rot.
Fish and chips is a popular supper.
2.如果并列主语指的是同一个人（事、物、抽象概念），名词前用一个冠词修饰作单数用；如果指两个不同的人或物时，则要用两个冠词，谓语动词用复数。例如：
The worker and writer has come.
The worker and the writer have come.
3.and前、后的单数词语都有each,every,many,a,no等修饰时，仍作单数用。例如：
Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.
No teacher and no student is excused fromraking part in the activity.
Ⅳ.主语前、后加表数、量等的修饰语时：
1.“many a＋单名”接单数谓语：“a good(great)many＋复名”接复数谓语。例如：
Many a fine man has died for it.
A great many parents were present at themeeting.
2.“a/an＋单名＋or two”多接单数谓语：“oneor two＋复名”多接复数谓语。例如：
A day or two is enough.
One or two reasons were given.
3.“a/an＋单名＋and a half”常接单数谓语：“one and a half＋复名”常接复数谓语。例如：
A year and a half has passed.
One and a half tons of rice are sold.
4.“more than one＋单名”结构虽有复数意义，习惯上多接单数谓语。例如：
More than one person was(were)absent.
5.“more＋复名＋than one”结构多接复数谓语。例如：
More students than one have been there.
6.“more than two(three，…)＋复名”接复数谓语。例如：
More than one hundred students haveattended the concert.
7.在“两个形容词＋一个单数名词”结构中，该名词如有复数意义（即代表两个事物），则接复数谓语动词。例如：
English and French grammar are not verydifficult to learn.
8.主语前加表示单位、度量的短语，如akind(sort/type/form/pair/cup/glass/piece/load/block/box/handful/quantity/ton/meter/…)of等时，表示单位、度量的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式，但强调个别成员时可用复数。例如：
A pair of gloves is a nice present.
A pair of thieves are stealing something inthe room.
This kind of apples is(are)sweet．（多以kind为中心词，作单数用）
但：Apples of this kind are sweet．（总作复数用）
9.主语后接with等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的主语一致。可构成这类短语的常有with,along with,together with,aswell as,but,besides,except,added to,including,like,no less than,rather than,as much as,morethan等。例如：
The teacher as well as his students was latefor the meeung.
Nobody but your parents knows about it.
10.one of＋复数名词＋定语从句：先行词是这个复数名词，从句谓语用复数形式。若one前有this,the,the only等修饰时，先行词是one，从句应接单数谓语。例如：
He was one of the boys who were praised.（“who”指代“boys”）
He was the only one of the boys who was praised.（“who”指代"the only one”）
二、意义一致原则
I.集体名词做主语时：
1.有些表示总称意义的词如：people,police,cattle,public,youth,folk,militia（民兵）等做主语时，常接复数谓语。例如：
The police have caught the murderer.
2.有些名词指整体时理解作单数，指其中的“成员”时理解作复数（不变词形）。如family,class,team,group,army,nation,world、governmnt,enemy,public.audience,club,company,crew,crowd,staff（员工），party,union,couple,population等。例如：
My family isn't large.
My family are all interested in collecting stamps.
上述某些集体名词也可有复数形式。如：families,two classes等。但有些变复数形式后意义不同，如peoples（多个民族）；youths（年轻人）；folks（亲属）
Ⅱ.代词作主语时：
1.不定代词each,one,much,(a)little,either,neithcr,another,the other（＋单名）等常作单数用。它们所修饰的主语也作单数。例如：
Each of the girls(Each girl)has a new hat.
2.下列复合不定代词，如someone,somebody,something,anybody,anyone,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等一般作单数用。例如：
Everyone has his/her own hobby.
3.下列不定代词作复数用：(a)few,many,several,both等。例如：
Few(of the guests)were familiar to us.
4.下列代词须视其具体所指来决定单、复数：
(1)what,which,who,Whose等。例如：
Who is your brother?
Who are League Members?
(2)all,some,more,most,any,none,a lot(of),lots(of)，等。例如：
All(of the students)are working hard.
All(of the paint)is fine.
(3)half(of),plenty.(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of),the remainder(of)（余下的）等。例如：
Half of the apples are bad.
Half of the apple is bad.
Ⅲ.数词、数量、单位等词语做主语时：
1.表示运算的数词通常作单数。例如：
Ten times four makes(make)forty.
2.表时间、距离、金额、度量衡等的词语，作整体看时作单数用，侧重指若干单位时作复数用。例如：
Twenty years is not a long time.
Twenty years have passed since he left.
3.分数、百分数通常依其具体所指来决定单、复数。例如：
About 30 percent/two-fifths of the students here are girls.
Only sixty percent/three-fifths of the workwas done yesterday.
4.a number of（许多）/a variety of（各式各样）＋复数名词，常作复数用。例如：
A number of students in this class are from Sichuan.
但the number（数目）/the variety（种类）＋of＋复数名词，被看作单数。例如：
The number of students in this college hasdoubled.
Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词做主语时：
1.以-ics结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科，作单数。例如：
Mathematics seems easy to me.
但是，表具体的学业、活动等时，多用作复数。例如：
Her mathematics are weak．（指“学业成绩、能力”）
2.works工厂，means方法，series系列，species物种等名词单、复数同形，要根据其具体意义来决定单、复数。例如：
This works was built two years ago.
Every means has(All means have)been tried.
这类名词还有fish,deer,sheep,plastics,manners（礼貌）等。但news（消息）是不可数名词，通常只作单数用。
V.the＋名词化的形容词（或分词）做主语时：
1.指一类人或事物时，常作复数用。例如：
The English speak English.
The rejected were heaped in the corner
2.指某一个人，或抽象的事物时，作单数用。例如：
The deceased was his father.
The new and progressive always wins overthe old.
Ⅵ.专用名词做主语时：
1.书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名等通常作单数用。例如：
The United States was founded in 1776.
The Arabian Nights is very interesing.
2.书刊名作单数或复数均可，尤其是编成集子的书。例如：
Dickens'American Notes were(was)publishedin 1842.
Ⅶ.what等引导的从句做主语时：
1.多数表单数意义。例如：
What he says doesn't agree with what hedoes.
2.从句是含复数意义的并列结构或表语是复数时，谓语用单数或复数均可。例如：
What you say and think is/are no business ofmine.
What he bought was/were some books.
三、就近一致原则
邻近原则是指谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在人称、数上一致。
1.由下列词语连接并列主语时：or.nor,ei-ther...or,neither...nor,not only...but also,not...but,whether...or等。例如：
Neither you nor I am wrong.
Either you or he has to answer for it.
2.在倒装句中（含there be结构）：谓语一般应与最近的主语一致。例如：
In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
There is(are)a pen and some books on the desk.