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一、什么是定语从句
在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对其先行词起限定作用。请看下面例句分析：
This is Mr Wang.这是王先生。
Mr Wang gave us a talk yesterday.王先生昨天给我们作了个报告。
我们可以将这两个句子合并为：
This is Mr Wang who(that)gave us a talk yesterday.
（先行词） （定语从句）
定语从句中的who(that)是关系代词，在这个句子中作主语。因为先行词是人，须用who或that引导定语从句。在翻译时who不能译为“谁”应译为“……的”。引导定语从句的关系代词，一是放在先行词与定语从句之间引导定语从句；二是在定语从句中充当一定成分。
二、如何确定定语从句的引导词
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that；关系副词有where,when,why。它们都在定语从句中担任句子成分。现分述如下：
1.定语从句如果修饰人，常常用关系代词who，有时也用that（作主语时多用who）。例如：
He is a man who often helps others.他是一位经常帮助别人的人。
He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。（谚语）
He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.想吃果子的就得爬树。（谚语）
如果这个关系代词在从句中作宾语，就应当用whom或that。但这种情况往往都可以把引导词省略，且在口语中可用who代替whom。例如：
Here is the man(whom/that)you would like to see.这就是你想见的那个人。
值得注意的是，如果是在介词的后面就只能用whom.例如：
The boy to whom I spoke is my brother.刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。
如果表示“……的”时，就用who的所有格whose。例如：
Is there anyone in our class whose father is a doctor？我们班有谁的父亲是当医生的吗？
whose的先行词也可是物。例如：
The house whose windows face the street is my uncle's.窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。
2.定语从句如果修饰“物”，用关系代词that的时候较多，有时也用which。例如：
It's a computer which/that costs six thousand yuan.这是一台价值六千元的电脑。
The dog which/that is black is mine.黑色的那条狗是我的。
当这个代词在从句中用作宾语时，往往都会把它省略。例如：
The present(that/which)you gave me is very beautiful.你给我的那件礼物非常漂亮。
在介词的后面只能用which。例如：
This is the book about which they are talking.这就是他们正在谈论的那本书。
3.定语从句修饰一个表示时间的词时，用关系副词when。例如：
I will never forget the day when l met her.我将永远不会忘记我见到她的那一天。
I met him in the year when I worked in Shanghai.我在上海工作的那年遇见了他。
4.定语从句修饰地点名词时，用关系副词where。例如：
This is the place where we met a year ago.这就是我们一年前见面的地方。
This is the place where we lived for five years.这就是我们曾经住过五年的地方。
5.定语从句修饰一个表示原因的词时，用关系副词why。例如：
I know the reason why she didn't come yesterday.我知道她昨天没来的原因。
三、定语从句中宜用that，不宜用which的几种情况
1.当先行词为不定代词，如all,much,none,something,nothing,everything,theone等时。例如：
All that we have to do is to practise every day.我们必须要做的是每天进行练习。
There's nothing that can be said about it.有关这件事，已没什么可说的。
Do you mean the one that you bought yesterday？你指的是昨天买的那个吗？
2.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。例如：
When we talk about Hangzhou,the first that come into mind is the West Lake.当我们谈到杭州时，首先想到的就是西湖。
This is the second film that has been shown in our city this year.这是我们城市今年放映的第二部影片。
3.当先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。例如：
The only thing that we should do was to wait.我们唯一能做的事就是等待。
That was all the money that I had.那就是我拥有的全部的钱。
4.当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。例如：
This is the best that can be done now.这是现在能做的最好的办法。
That is the highest building that I have seen.那是我见到过的最高的大楼。
5.当先行词既有人又有物时。例如：
The boy and his dog that were believed to be lost in the forest were saved this moming.被认为迷失在森林里的男孩和狗今天早上已获救了。
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never seen.他给我们讲了许多我们从没听到过的人和事。
6.主句是以who,which引导的特殊疑问句时。例如：
Who is the man that you spoke to just now？你刚才和他说话的那个人是谁？
Which is the book that you want to borrow？你想要借的书是哪一本？
7.先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：
China is no longer the country that it used to be.中国再不是以前那样的国家了。
四、关系代词的省略
1.当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常被省略。例如：
The trees(that)we have planted grow well.我们栽的树长势良好。
The man(whom)we saw yesterday is Mr Smith.我们昨天见到的那个人是史密斯先生。
2.that在定语从句中作表语时常被省略。例如：
He is not the man(that)he was when I first saw him.他现在不是我第一次见到他时那样了。
五、定语从句专项练习
（一）用适当的关系代词who,that,which,whom,whose填空。
1.The girl____you saw at the meeting is a wellknown singer.
2.The first thing____you must do is to have a meal.
3.Please pass me the book____lies on the shelf.
4.What is the name of the boy____brother is a policeman?
5.This is the best film____has been shown this year.
（二）选择最佳答案。
1.There is a young man____wants to see you.
A.who
B.whom
C.which
D./
2.This is the most beautiful park____I have ever visited.
A.who
B.which
C.where
D.that
3.Do you know the old woman____I talked just now?
A.to whom B.who C.to which D.whom
4.There is something wrong with the radio____last week.
A.I bought
B.which I bought it
C.I bought it
D.that I bought it
5.The girl____you met in the street is a famous film star,played an important part in the film we saw a week ago.
A.that;that;/
B.who;that;which
C.whom;who;that D.whom;/;that
（三）将下列句子合并为定语从句。
1.The boy is my brother.He helped me._______
2.This is a book.The book tells you how to use a computer.________
3.Do you know girl?The teacher spoke to her just now._________
4.The fridge is very good.I bought the hidge ten years ago.________
5.The dictionary is mine.He has taken the dictionary away.________
（四）完成下列句子。
1.She is the teacher________（教我们英语的）.
2.Here is the pen________（你昨天丢失的）.
3.The boy________（告诉我消息的）has gone to the park.
4.I have lost the book________（我父亲给我买的）.
5.Will you please lend me the hovel________（你正在读的）？
参考答案
（一）1.(whom/that)2.That 3.which/that4.whose 5.that
（二）I.A 2.D 3.A4.A 5.C
（三）1.The boy who helped me is my brother.
2.This is a book that/which tells you how to use a computer.
3.Do you know the girl(whom/that)the teacher spoke to just now?
4.The fridge(that/which)I bought ten years ago is still very good.
5.The dictionary(that/which)he has taken away is mine.