非谓语动词考查特点及解题点拨，本文主要内容关键词为：动词论文,非谓语论文，此文献不代表本站观点，内容供学术参考，文章仅供参考阅读下载。
非谓语动词在英语语言中使用率很高，同时也是高考考查热点。近几年对非谓语动词的考查更加强调语句的复杂性，综合考查时态、语态、逻辑主语一致性的题目较多。因此，考生必须学会在复杂的语境中选用非谓语动词的适当形式。
【例1】Charles Babbage is generally considered____the first computer.
A.to have inventedB.inventing
C.to invent
D.having invented
解题点拨：这是一道把动词的用法和非谓语动词的用法结合起来的考题。关键一：表示心理活动的动词在带不定式作宾补时常用to be或to have done，极少用to do sth.的形式。关键二：注意consider的两种用法，consider doing sth.意为“考虑做某事”，consider sb./sth.to be或consider sb.to have done或其被动式be considered to be/to have done意思是“认为某人／物如何（做了什么）”。依题意可知本题考查第二种用法。
练一练：1)The patient was warned____oily food after the operation.
A.not eat
B.eating not
C.not to eatD.not eating
【例2】Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears____everything.
A.to tell B.to be told
C.to be tellingD.to have been told
解题点拨：这是一道把语态、时态、和非谓语动词结合起来考查的题目。解这类题一定要注意时态和语态的变化，先于谓语动作发生的非谓语用完成形式。前半句说“一定要告诉你母亲全部真相”，后半句、说“看上去她好像已被告知所有情况”，因此选不定式完成形式的被动语态。
练一练：
2)The old man is said____a sailor when he was young.
A.to have beenB.that he was
C.to be
D.of being
【例3】I can hardly imagine Peter____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.sail
B.to sail
C.sailingD.to have sailed
解题点拨：本题考查的是动名词的复合结构及动名词作宾语时的情况。动名词复合结构是在动名词前面加名词所有格、名词的普通格、物主代词、人称代词的宾格等。如：
Her not coming made the teacher angry.
Do you object to my brother's joining you?
Would you mind me(my) opening the window?
本题的解题关键是注意imagine后面只能接动名词作宾语，不用不定式。解此类题时一定要明确动词搭配，记清哪些词接不定式、哪些词接动名词作宾语。
练一练：
3)The next morning she found the man____inbed,dead
A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying
【例4】____a reply。he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B.Receiving not
C.Not having receivedD.Having not received
解题点拨：本题是对现在分词作状语的考查。分词作状语时，一是考虑时间性（先后性），究竟使用分词的一般时还是完成时，二是考虑语态性，用主动语态还是用被动语态，三是看分词的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语。本题中receiving的逻辑主语是he，即动作是主语执行的，故语态应为主动语态。题干中的again这一关键信息提示考生，receiving动作发生在decided之前，应用现在分词的完成形式。此外，本题还应该注意现在分词的否定形式的表达方式。现在分词的否定形式是：否定词not必须置于动词-ing形式的前面。
练一练：
4)The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,____that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A.having addedB.to add
C.addingD.added
【例5】When the professor went back to the room,he found an invitation on the desk,____to give a lecture in Princeton Institute.
A.being invitedB.to be invited
C.inviting him D.invited
解题点拨：本题的考查目标是现在分词作定语的用法。现在分词作定语，强调动作正在进行，表主动用doing，若表被动则用being done。letter(notice,message,telegram,invitation)等词后常跟-ing形式的动词作定语，表示letter等词的内容。
练一练：
5)—Look! How busy the building workers are!
—Yes,I see.The houses____by them will be completed next week.
A.built B.to build
C.being builtD.are being built
【例6】____that mistake once,I shall not make the same mistake again.
A.To make
B.Making
C.Having madeD.Made
解题点拨：该题考查的是现在分词的完成时的用法。根据题意“已经出过一次错了我不想再出同样的错误”，分词的动作先于谓语动词的动作，故要用分词的完成式having made作状语。
练一练：
6)____such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A.Having sufferedB.Suffering
C.To suffer D.Suffered
【例7】____in1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A.Being foundedB.It was founded
C.Founded D.Founding
解题点拨：本题考查过去分词作状语的情况。过去分词作状语，首先要考虑句子的主语是否是分词的逻辑主语，然后再考虑被动和完成的含义。本句主语哈佛大学与动词found之间的关系应为被动关系，且建于1636年是发生在过去的动作。
练一练：
7)____to make a speech,she had to say a few words.
A.Having toldB.Having been told
C.To be told D.Being told