西北政法大学 中国 西安 710063
摘要：目的——此文以新闻报道中的“剩女”形象为研究对象，探究其呈现方式并根据调查结果给出相应的建议，以提高今后新闻报道对于未婚女性报道的客观性和公正性
研究方法——此文以中国主流新闻网站新华网为研究对象，利用其内嵌搜索引擎CHinaso来进行样本筛选。此文以“剩女”为关键词，选择2016年1月1日至2016年6月1日为时间跨度，由此选择出67篇以“剩女”群体为报道对象的新闻报道进行了相应的文本分析。
发现——新华网关于“剩女”这一群体报道主要集中在其个人经历的报道和社会对这一群体的认知与态度，通过文本分析，我们发现，新闻媒体对于单身女性未婚或者不婚现象的报道正在逐渐走向客观，同时也反映了社会的进步。
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关键词：剩女；媒介策略；性别视角；婚姻
Research on the Mode of News Reports about the “Leftover Lady” Of the News Website in China
———Taking Xinhua Website as an example
XU Yichao
（Northwest University of Political Science and Law, Xi’an China）
Abstract：Purpose- This paper researched on the mode of news reports about “leftover lady” and explored the media image of this specific population presented by the news media and then tried to give corresponding suggestions, hoping to further improve the objectivity and comprehensiveness of the news reports.
Design/methodology/approach- We chose one typical representative from several mainstream news website- Xinhua Website, which is considered the most influential network media in China sponsored by Xinhua News Agency (Baidu Wikipedia) and used the inserted search engine- ChinaSo on the website to collect related data. We searched the term “Leftover Lady” in Chinese with a half-year time span from January 1st, 2016 to June 1st, 2016 and totally 67 pieces were found as a result, which pieces with same content from different source counted only once and the pieces only contained this term but irrelevant to our research problem were also excluded. And we did qualitative analysis with the sample by classifying them into five groups based on the content and explored deeper with each group of news report.
Findings- The media image of “leftover lady” on the Xinhua news website is comprehensively displayed from their personal experience to the public opinion towards this phenomenon, both from the micro-perspective and macro-perspective. After the comparison with the existing similar research results, we found that remarkable progress has been made on the materials selected and the report mode, which also indicates the progress of the society towards “leftover” phenomenon.
Key words：Leftover lady；Media strategy； Gender perspective； Marriage
一、Introduction
Mass media usually remodeling the real life according to specific subject and propensity and finally forms a certain media image, which process is called the construction of the media. Goffman states that frame is the subjective explanation and thinking structure of individuals or organizations towards events. And prejudice is the result of framing. During the process of modeling of the media image, media implicitly dictates the mode of understanding. Ultimately, media image is formed during the process of interaction between media modeling and audience interpreting, which forming a gap with social reality.
Leftover lady is becoming a hot term in recent years, which was also listed in one of the 171 Chinese New Words released by the Chinese Ministry of Education in 2007. Leftover ladyusually represents the “three high” lady specifically in China-high education, high income and high age, which also is called “3S lady”-single, seventies, stuck. Most of these females was born in the 1970s and stuck in the mire of marriage. They are well-educated with admirable career while meeting difficulties fining their Mr. Right. This population has called public attention, especially the attention from mass media. Many news media set special column with the theme about leftover lady, which triggered heated discussion.
The emergence of this population refracts the transformation of the social structure and public attitude towards love and marriage. To some extent, “leftover lady” has become a social problem. So, it is valuable to study the role of media in unfolding this phenomenon to the public and media’s reporting code towards this population.
二、Methodology
（一）Date collection
There are totally 67 pieces when searching “leftover lady” on Xinhua Website, 20 of which are irrelevant to our research just including the term in the text or using leftover lady as a gimmick for advertising. After this processing, there are 47 valid pieces for us to explore further.
（二）Analysis
We divided 47 pieces into different categories based on following two criteria:
1.Technique of expression and narration (table1)
2.Report attitude of news media (table2)
Then we analyze the distribution of each category and chose typical news to study.
三、Results
四、Discussion
（一）On entertaining and meandering category
This category accounts for the highest part, which indicates more and more media tend to express their views on this social phenomenon. This kind of commentary work has a direct influenceonthe public opinion towards “Leftover Lady”.
Taking Ten Types of Women Prone to Becoming “Leftover Lady” and Deepest Loneliness of “Leftover Lady”, as the Single Day on the Corner as examples, writers embed their own perception that being single is wrong and pathetic while marriage is the salvation of the“Leftover Lady”. So, they give suggestions to help leftovers find the way out this dilemma and get more attractive to appeal men with good living conditions and social status. Readers are easily led by these articles that implicitly transfer personal view to the public, which are prone to forming a mindset about “leftover lady” that they are pathetic and need to change. This will also make them automatically compare themselves with the media image and converge their behaviors to the pattern media shaped. Even worse, more young girls such as “90s” will get panic and join into the fight with “Leftover lady” to find their partners. All in all, this kind of news will generate a vicious circle and accelerate the phenomenon.
Also, many entertainment journalists focus on the super stars that are called “gold leftover”. We cannot deny the main purpose of this kind of news is to entertain and feed the curiosity of readers. But we still found that some of the news successfully set examples of outstanding women who do well in career and still pursue the true love, which provide public with a positive marriage &love attitude and encourage more common people to get over fear and anxiety towards marriage.
（二）On storytelling and personal experience narration category
In this category, we found a high frequency term-force to marry. Almost all the protagonists in the news were trapped in a situation: how to balance their own will towards love and marriage with their parents and relatives will to urge them to marry sooner before getting old. Although they have different life experience and from all walks of life with various background, they are on the same boat in terms of persuading their parents to accept their own choice: marry or not. We discovered diverse image in these news report: a girl named Mi Guo called more girls to stand out and let the society hear their voice longing for the freedom and understanding by making the first anti-force to marry advertisement; a girl named Wang Sanmei refused to answer any problem raised by her relatives and enjoyed her single life and still looking forward for her true love devoutly… Through this kind of in-depth interview and reports, public could feel the frustration and confusion, faith and wish behind the screen. The stories could also provoke public thought on this phenomenon and are conducive to enhance the understanding and respect towards this population of the whole society.
（三）On news event category
Most of the news lies in this type focus on individuals belonging to “leftover lady” population and are the breaking ones, which are only a small part of the total news report. But we found the problem that sometimes the entire event is not related to the “leftover”situation, but the media stamped the figure with that label to dramatize the event and exacerbate public reaction. Taking One Leftover Lady Defrauding Money for Status, on the Pretext of Father Getting Sick as an example, the whole event is that one girldefrauded others money, but the media intended to caught people’s eyes deliberately added the “leftover” in the title, which stigmatizes the “leftover lady” and misleads public to some extent.
（四）On research report category
News lies in this category mostly are demonstration of research results supported by big data. These comprehensive researches result visually display the marriage and love attitude of different population with different background and individuals’ different perception on “leftover lady”. However, the percentage of this type is comparably lower since it is time-consuming and money-consuming to conduct in-depth researches.
（五）On film & TV program, plays category
Taking Ode to Joy, Extrication of “Leftover Mire” as an example, we found the news analyzing the main characters images in the latest hit TV series and making use of the plot to draw the conclusion that change is better than wait and striving; improving is the best way to extricate form the“leftover mire”.
Since film and TV programs and all kinds of plays are familiar to the common people, they are more interested in this type of news report. Through the combination with both writers’ opinion with the latest programs on screen, media convey their value to the public in an easier way.
（六）Case study
In this part, we take one specific news report Reasons Why Leftover Men Don’t Have Feelings for Leftover Lady as the target to analyze the media image of “leftover lady” in this report, its manner of writing, writer’s value contained in the report, and the social influence of this kind of report from the female perspective.
1.Media image:
Already selected by many other men; unsuitable to so many other men; High standard; Undesired options for men even successful, wealthy and attractive
2.Writer’s value towards “leftover lady”:
The writer analyzed the reasons why leftover men don’t have feelings for leftover women. We can see from the title that writer organized the own article from the perspective of men and consider “leftover lady” as the choices to for men to select. In the report, the words and expressions also show the inequality of the status between men and women.
3.Social influences from the female perspective: the report is aimed to find the reasons of the mismatch between the two populations while the writer mixed his own male chauvinism with the exploration of the phenomenon, which would badlyinfluence the public perception and may amplify the unequal perception of public towards “leftover men”and“leftover lady”.
From this typical case, we found that although negative news like this only account for a small percentage, the influence and effect is unpredictable. It is no use of modeling an objective and comprehensive media image of “leftover lady” for public and media still should pay special attention to this kind of report mode.
Broadly speaking, these 47 pieces news reports could reflect the news report mode of the news media, which show the population- “leftover lady” from multiple perspectives involving their career, relationships with friends and families and their own attitude towards marriage & love and their views towards other’s judgment. There are also many commentators on the news media to expression their attitude, taking an active part in pushing the whole society to a more open and inclusive atmosphere, calling for leaving more freedom for the advanced individuals to live a life they want.
五、Conclusion
Based on the 47 valid news reports on Xinhua website in the first half year in 2016, we analyze the news report mode of the news media. With various techniques of expression and different types reporters have used, we think the media image of “leftover lady” on the news website is comprehensively displayed from their personal experience to the public opinion towards this phenomenon, both from the micro-perspective and macro-perspective. After the comparison with the existing similar research results, we found that remarkable progress has been made on the materials selected and the report mode, which also indicates the progress of the society towards “leftover” phenomenon.
But the way is still long. News media should avoid the negligent and blind report just expressing individual’s extreme value like the previous example we take. Besides, it is unacceptable to use “leftover lady” as a label for females since the emergence of this word had a sense of ridicule. In the future, news media should take an active part in eliminating and easing of the conflicts and misleading among different generations and facilitating the harmony of families. The process of creating media products should absorb more female workers to reduce the gender discrimination and make sure the equality, objectivity and theauthenticity of the news report.
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论文作者:徐一超
论文发表刊物:《文化研究》2018年第10月
论文发表时间:2018/10/25
标签：新闻报道论文; 这一论文; 媒介论文; 中国论文; 此文论文; 新华网论文; 群体论文; 《文化研究》2018年第10月论文;