主谓一致性问题分析_谓语动词论文

主谓一致性问题分析_谓语动词论文

主谓一致问题解析,本文主要内容关键词为:主谓论文,此文献不代表本站观点,内容供学术参考,文章仅供参考阅读下载。

所谓主谓一致问题就是主语和谓语在人称、数上保持一致。我国学生学习英语时,常常为谓语动词的单、复数问题大伤脑筋,笔者结合自己多年的教学经验查阅了大量资料,总结出几条规律,以飨读者。

1.单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数,如:

The boy is clever enough to study maths well.

这个男孩聪明得足以学好数学。

To work hard is necessary.

努力工作是必需的。

Reading aloud is very important in learning English.

大声朗读在英语学习中很重要。

Wheather he comes or not is of no importance.

他是否来不重要。

注:有些主语由于本身具有单数或复数两种可能,它的谓语到底用单数还是复数,要看具体的语境(多数情况要看其后面词语的单、复数)。如:

Who is your friends?

谁是你的朋友?

Who are you friends?

谁是你的朋友们?

What he said is quite correct.

他所说的非常正确。

What I need are two dictionaries.

我需要的是两本字典。

2.用and或both…and连接的并列主语其谓语动词一般用复数形式。如:

Plastics and rubber never rot.

塑料和橡胶不腐烂。

Both bread and milk were sold out in that grocery.

面包和牛奶在那个食品店卖完了。

但并列主语如指同一人、事物或概念,其谓语须用单数,此时后一个名词前不加冠词。如:

A cart and horse was seen in the distance.

在远处看见一辆车。

另外,由and连接的并列主语前分别有each、every、no many a等修饰时,其谓语要用单数。如:

In China each boy and each girl has the right to go to school.

在中国每个男孩和女孩都有权利上学。

No teacher and no student is admitted.

教师和学生不得入内。

3.Many a+单数名词、one…and a half+复数名词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:

Many a magazine has been sold.

许多杂志都已被出售。

One and a half apples was left on the table.

桌上还留下了一个半苹果。

4.短语“more than+数词+复数名词”作主语时,其谓语动词用复数,但“more than+one+单数名词作主语时,其谓语动词常用单数。more+复数名词+than one用作主语,其谓语动词通常要用复数。如:

More than 200 people have attended the concert.

有二百多人出席了这场音乐会。

More than one person has voted against him.

许多人投票反对他。

More students than one were punished.

许多学生被惩罚。

5.由with、along with、except、like accompanied by、besides、as well as、ratherthan(而不是)、together with、in addition to、including、no less than、rather than、as much as等引导的结构跟在主语后面,该主语不受这一结构成分的影响,即不影响其与谓语动词的一致关系。如:

The father rather than the brothers is responsible for it.

父亲而不是兄弟们对此事负责。

Teacher as well as the students likes football.

老师和学生们喜欢足球。

Man,no less than the lower forms of life,is the product of the evolutionary process.

人类与低等动物一样都是进化过程的产物。

No one except two girls was late for dinner.

除了俩女孩之外,宴会没有人迟到。

6.一些只有复数形式的名词clothes,scissors,trousers,glasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但这些名词前有a pair of修饰时,谓语用单数。如:

The trousers are mine.

这裤子是我的。

A pair of trousers is mine.

这条裤子是我的。

7.“one of+宾语”之后定语从句中谓语动词的单复数取决于定语从句修饰的词是单数还是复数。一般地说,在one前有定冠词the时,定语从句修饰的是the one,没有定冠词the时,则修饰的是of后复数名词结构。如:

Tom is one of those boys who have trouble making up their minds.

汤姆属于那种下不了决心的男孩。

He is the one of those boys who is willing to take one another assignment.

他是那些男孩当中愿意再承担一项任务的人。

8.以“the+形容词或分词”作主语,指一类人时,谓语用复数形式。如:

The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.

受伤者已被治愈,失踪者还未找到。

9.表示时间、距离、价格(金钱)、度量等的复数名词作主语时,虽然是复数形式,但若被看做是一个整体,则谓语动词一般用单数。如:

The five hundred dollars belongs to you.

这五百美元是你的。

Fifteen minntes seems a long time for one Who waits.

对于一个等待的人来说,15分钟似乎很长。

10.就近原则。由either…or…,neithere...nor,not only...but also,not...but...,…or…等到连词连接的两个并列主语,其谓语动词同最靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:

Either you or he is to do the Work.

不是你就是他来做这项工作。

此外,在there be存在句中,谓语动词的单复数形式也按就近原则。如:

There is an apple and some bananas on the table.

桌子上有一个苹果和一些香蕉。

There are some bananas and an apple.

桌子上有一些香蕉和一个苹果。

11.在算式中,表示数字的主语被视为单数。如:

25 mins 5 is 20.

25减5等于20。

12.以-ics结尾表示学科名称的名词,如statistics,politics,maths(mathematics)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。但如果要表示“学科”以外的其它意义时,则谓语动词一般用复数。如:

Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.

体育是各年级学生的必修课程。

Athletics have been greatly promoted at this college.

这所大学的体育运动得到大力的推广。

13.书名、剧名、报纸名、国家名等复数名词作主语时,其谓语通常用单数。如:

The Arabian Nights is an interesting story-book.

一千零一夜是一本有趣的故事书。

The United States is a developed country.

美国是一个发达国家。

14.分数/百分比+of+名词作主语时,如名词为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,如为可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。

Two thirds of his time is devoted to writing.

他把三分之二的时间用于写作。

Ten percent of the pupils are absent today.

今天有百分之十的学生没来。

15.一些集合名词如:family,team,group,crowd,crew,class,audience,government,company 等到作主语时,如被看作一个整体,其谓语用单数,如果表示集体中的成员,则其谓语须用复数。如:

His family are very anxious about him.

他家非常担心他。(侧重成员)

His family is a big happy family.

他家是一个幸福的大家。(侧重事体)

16.All,half most,some以及plenty(of),a lot (of),the rest(of),the remainder(of)等作主语时,谓语动词一般遵循意义一致的原则,即如果所指代的是可数名词单数或不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数。如果所指代的是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数。

The first two problems are very difficult,the rest are easy.

头两个问题很难,但其余的问题都很容易。

I have read a large part of the book but the rest is more difficult.

我已读了那本书的大部,但其余的更难。

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主谓一致性问题分析_谓语动词论文
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