原发性血小板增多症30例临床分析论文_聂芳娜,薛华华,曹书伟

聂芳娜 薛华华 曹书伟

北京房山区第一医院 102400

【摘 要】目的:探讨原发性血小板增多症(essential thrombocythemia,ET)的发病特点,骨髓象,骨髓活检,染色体,JAK2V617F基因突变率及治疗。方法:回顾并分析我院7年来的原发性血小板增多症患者30例。结果:原发性血小板增多症临床表现多样,骨髓及骨髓活检提示造血细胞均增生,染色体均正常,JAK2V617F基因突变率较高,干扰素联合羟基脲可有效的治疗ET。结论:原发性血小板增多症是一种骨髓增殖性疾病,羟基脲,干扰素治疗均有效,联合治疗,效果更好。

【关键词】原发性血小板增多症;JAK2V617F基因突变;羟基脲;干扰素

Clinical Analysis of 30 Cases of Essential Thrombocythemia

Nie Fangna ,Xue Huahua ,Cao Shuwei

(First Hospital of Fangshan District,Beijing,102400)

【Abstract】Objective:To explore essential thrombocythemia (ET) about clinical characteristics, bone marrow, bone marrow biopsy, chromosome, JAK2V617F mutation rate and treatment. Methods:To review 30 cases with essential thrombocythemia of our hospital in the past seven years.Results: Essential thrombocythemia has many clinical manifestations,bone marrow biopsy and bone marrow hematopoietic cells are prompted, chromosomes are normal, the high mutation rate of JAK2V617F , interferon in combination with hydroxyurea can treat essential thrombocythemiaeffectively.Conclusion:Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative disease, hydroxyurea and interferon treatment are effective, interferon in combination with hydroxyurea therapy is better.

【Key words】Essential thrombocythemia mutation rate of JAK2V617F hydroxyurea interferon

【中图分类号】R453.2【文献标识码】A【文章编号】2096-0867(2016)-2-276-02

原发性血小板增多症属于骨髓造血干细胞克隆性疾病,特征为外周血中血小板持续性增生,骨髓中巨核细胞过多增殖,部分患者有JAK2V617F基因突变[1],临床有自发出血倾向或有血栓形成,干扰素与羟基脲是ET主要的治疗方法,现对我院2008年1月~2015年11月间诊治的部分原发性血小板增多症患者进行了回顾性分析,探讨原发性血小板增多症的临床表现,血液学特点及疾病的合理治疗等。

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

收集我院2008年1月~2015年10月诊治的30例ET患者,疾病诊断及疗效判定标准符合文献[2]。回顾性分析其性别、年龄、主要临床表现、实验室检查项目、治疗方案等,总结疾病的特点,了解疾病转归。

1.2 统计学方法

应用 SPSS18.0 软件,正态分布计量资料用x±s 表示,计数资料用X2检验。

2结果

2.1 年龄分布及性别比例

30例 ET 患者中,年龄在 47~77岁,中位年龄 64.0岁,平均年龄58.4岁,<30岁0例( 0%),31~40岁0例( 0%),41~50岁 8例( 26.6%),51 ~ 60岁7例( 23.3%),61~70 岁12例( 40.0%),71~80岁3例( 10.0%),30例ET患者中,男8例,女22例,男女比例为 4∶11,( 8 vs 22例) 。

2.2 主要临床表现,见表1。

表1 ET患者主要临床表现(n)

2.3检查项目

2.3.1血常规

血常规三系升高9例,白细胞和血小板同时升高3例,单纯血小板升高15例,血小板升高伴血红蛋白下降3例,白细胞最高达30.6*109/L,血红蛋白最高177g/L,最低达105g/L,血小板最高达3650*109/L。

2.3.2骨髓象、骨髓活检、JAK2V617F基因突变、BCR/ABL基因检测

30例患者骨髓象均提示增生活跃或者明显活跃,巨核细胞最多250个,骨髓活检均提示造血容量增多,多在50%~90%,30例患者均做JAK2V617F基因突变检测、BCR/ABL基因检测,75%患者JAK2V617F基因突变阳性,100%患者BCR/ABL基因检测阴性。骨髓象及骨髓活检分别见表2,3.

2.3.3 骨髓中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶(NAP)、染色体核型、凝血功能、腹部彩超等。

30例患者中NAP积分在41~274,染色体均为正常核型,患者中凝血未见异常46%,单纯APTT延长占10%,APTT延长伴有PTA下降占34%,腹部彩超提示脾大50%,未见肝脏肿大。

2.4治疗方案

30例患者中有15例接受羟基脲(HU)治疗,CR7例(46%),15例患者接受羟基脲加干扰素治疗,CR13例(86%),2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),治疗的患者同时应用阿司匹林抗血小板聚集,应用活血药改善头晕,改善循环治疗。

3讨论

ET 患者中位发病年龄60岁,女:男=1.3:1[3],本组病例分析,中位发病年龄及男女比例基本和报道一致。患者起病缓慢,部分患者无明显症状或体检发现血小板明显增多,本组 30例患者中,约有 20% 患者体检发现血小板计数增多,50% 患者在住院过程中发现血常规异常。ET 患者血小板寿命通常正常,其发生血小板增多的原因是巨核细胞产生血小板增多,我们骨髓象及骨髓活检结果也得到证实。JAK2V617F基因突变是继慢性髓细胞白血病中BCR-ABL发现后在

MPD发病机制中最具有价值的基因异常,突变位点位于JAK2基因的第1849位,胸腺嘧啶(T)取代了原来的鸟苷酸(G),使得原来位于JH2第617位的缬氨酸错义编码为苯丙氨酸,导致JAK2的激酶活性异常活化,进一步通过激活JAKSTAT信号转导途径活化细胞增殖基因转录,使得髓系造血祖细胞对生长因子高度敏感,导致血细胞增殖失控[4],国内外研究资料显示,50%~70%ET患者存在该基因突变[5],许多相关文献报道[6,7],ET患者也有很高JAK2V617F基因突变,且突变阳性患者血栓风险大[8-10],本组资料突变阳性率符合上述文献报道。目前临床治疗原发性血小板增多症尚无根治性方法 , 其主要以促进血小板恢复正常,防止并发症为主要治疗目的 ,血栓及出血有很高的致残率及致死率,相关文献报道,病人合并肾上腺梗死,脑梗死,心肌梗死,脾梗死等[11- 15],需积极治疗,羟基脲作为骨髓增生抑制剂[16- 19],血象得到控制,但缓解率低,血象波动大,干扰素作为广谱抗病毒药物 , 能够减少巨核细胞合成 , 能够使血小板生存时间缩短,对造血克隆产生抑制作用 ,而且能够调节免疫能力[20- 22], 本组病例发现,羟基脲联合干扰素治疗有很高的缓解率。

骨髓增殖性疾病发病机制逐渐深入,羟基脲和干扰素治疗,至于维持时间及剂量还在摸索当中,目前JAK-2抑制药尚处在研究阶段,相信随着科学技术的不断进步及新药开发研究,ET患者预后会明显改善。

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论文作者:聂芳娜,薛华华,曹书伟

论文发表刊物:《系统医学》2016年第2期

论文发表时间:2016/4/12

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原发性血小板增多症30例临床分析论文_聂芳娜,薛华华,曹书伟
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